The Communication-Based
Movement Approach
·
The
communicative approach lays more emphasis on the function of language
·
Language
is a means of communication
·
To
communicate through language means to use knowledge and skills by way of
authentic listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
·
Grammatical
structures and vocabulary items are admitted to be undeniably essential
·
One
is considered to be in the state of learning the language until after they can
use the language in communication.
·
Making
the students become communicatively competent in using language learned
according to the social context of use.
·
It’s
students-centeredness
·
‘real
life’ is attemped to be brought to classroom
·
Teaching
techiniques are commonly employed:games, role play, and other communicative
teaching activities.
·
No
explicit testing of language components-grammar and vocabulary-is exercised in
this approach.
·
The
principles of testing adopted in the Communicative Language Testing can be
described as the following
·
Task
in the test should resembles as far as possible to the ones as would be found
in real life in terms of communicative
use of language
·
There
is a call for test items contextualization
·
There
is a need to make test items that addres an obviously definite audience for a
purposeful communicative intent to be envisioned
·
Test
instructions and scoring plans should touch on effective communication of
meaning rather than on grammatical accuracy
·
Language
should be productively drawn off as a resul of the test, rather than merely
recognized
·
Advantages:
·
Realistic
in terms of formats
·
Communicative
language testing widens the concept of language abilities beyond those of
grammatical abilities.
·
Disadvantages:
·
Problem
of extrapolation (problem of generalizability of the test results.
The performance-Based Movement
Aproach
·
Wider progress than
communicative based movement approach.
·
Used varied means to reveal
the students’ ability
·
Emerge the joyful learning
movement to accelerate the dissemination of the performance based movement
testing.
·
One mode of CTL teaching
practices
The difference between
performance-based movement approach and communicative-based movement approach
is in giving meaning of authenticity. Authenticity is one similarity between
both. CBMA links authenticity to tasks and language behavior, the reference of
which is the future. But PBMA (CTL) links not only to tasks and language
behavior (the future) but also contents and learning outcomes with present
reference.
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